C에서 두 개의 숫자를 안전하게 추가하십시오

C는 사랑스럽고 안전한 고급 프로그래밍 언어라는 것을 모두 알고 있습니다. 그러나 코더는 다음 작업을 설정합니다.

두 개의 숫자를 더하는 프로그램을 작성하십시오.

• 입력 : 두 개의 공백으로 구분 된 정수.
• 출력 : 입력에서 두 숫자의 합입니다.

트위스트는 코드가 100 % 안전해야한다는 것입니다. 즉, 입력이 무엇이든 관계없이 올바르게 작동해야합니다. 입력이 실제로 공백으로 분리 된 두 정수 (둘 다 100 자릿수 미만) 인 경우 합계를 출력해야합니다. 그렇지 않으면 오류 메시지를 출력하고 안전하게 종료해야합니다.

결국 얼마나 어려울 수 있습니까?

다른 사람들의 대답을 깨뜨리는 병리학 적 입력 사례에 대한 일반적인 조언이 주어질 것입니다 :)

코드는 우분투에서 gcc -Wall -Wextra를 사용하여 경고없이 컴파일해야합니다.

설명.

• 입력은 표준 입력입니다.
• 가로 공백은 단일 공백 ​​문자입니다. 첫 번째 숫자 앞에는 아무것도 없어야하며 입력은 개행 + EOF 또는 EOF로 끝나야합니다.
• Augmented Backus-Naur Form에 지정된 유일한 유효한 입력 은 다음과 같습니다.

    NONZERODIGIT = "1"/ "2"/ "3"/ "4"/ "5"/ "6"/ "7"/ "8"/ "9"
    POSITIVENUMBER = NONZERODIGIT * 98DIGIT
    NEGATIVENUMBER = "-"POSITIVENUMBER
    NUMBER = NEGATIVENUMBER / POSITIVENUMBER / "0"
    유효한 입력 = NUMBER SP NUMBER * 1LF EOF

• 오류 메시지는 단일 문자 'E'이며 그 뒤에 새 줄이옵니다.
• 입력이 무엇이든 코드는 0.5 초 이내에 깨끗하게 종료되어야합니다.

6610 바이트 (미완성)

모든 챌린지 기준을 충족하는 "Good boy"C 프로그램. 음수에는 10s 보수를 사용합니다. 테스트 하네스 및 테스트 케이스도 포함되었습니다.

/*
Read input from STDIN. The input must conform to VALIDINPUT:

    NONZERODIGIT = "1" / "2" / "3" / "4" / "5" / "6" / "7" / "8" / "9"
    POSITIVENUMBER = NONZERODIGIT *98DIGIT
    NEGATIVENUMBER = "-" POSITIVENUMBER
    NUMBER = NEGATIVENUMBER / POSITIVENUMBER / "0"
    VALIDINPUT = NUMBER SP NUMBER *1LF EOF

Check syntax of input. If input is correct, add the two numbers and print
to STDOUT.

LSB => least significant byte
MSB => most significant byte
*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <assert.h>
#define NUL ('\0')
/*
    maximum characters in VALIDINPUT:
        '-'     1
        POSITIVENUMBER  MAXDIGITS
        ' '     1
        '-'     1
        POSITIVENUMBER  MAXDIGITS
        LF      1
*/
#define MAXDIGITS (99)
#define MAXVALIDINPUT (2*MAXDIGITS+4)

void die() { printf("E\n"); exit(1); }

/*
    Add two NUMBERs and print the result to STDOUT.  The NUMBERS have
been separated into POSITIVENUMBERS and sign information.

Arguments:
    first       - pointer to LSB of 1st POSITIVENUMBER
    firstSize   - size of 1st POSITIVENUMBER
    firstNegative   - is 1st # negative?
    second      - pointer to LSB of 2nd POSITIVENUMBER
    secondSize  - size of 2nd POSITIVENUMBER
    secondNegative  - is 2nd # negative?
    carry       - carry from previous place?

Returns:
    sum[]       - sum
    addNUMBERs()    - carry to next place?

- Don't use complementDigit(popDigit(p,s),n). Side-effects generate two pops.
*/
#define popDigit(p,s) ((s)--,(*(p++)-'0'))
#define complementDigit(c,n) ((n) ? 9-(c) : (c))

#define pushSum(c) (*(--sumPointer)=(c))
#define openSum() (pushSum(NUL))
#define closeSum() ;
char    sum[MAXVALIDINPUT];
char    *sumPointer = sum+sizeof(sum);
int addNUMBERs(char *first, int firstSize, bool firstNegative,
        char *second, int secondSize, bool secondNegative,
        int previousCarry) {
    int firstDigit, secondDigit;
    int mySum;
    int myCarry;

    /*
        1st half of the problem.

        Build a stack of digits for "first" and "second"
    numbers. Each recursion of addNUMBERs() contains one digit
    of each number for that place. I.e., the 1st call holds
    the MSBs, the last call holds the LSBs.

        If negative, convert to 10s complement.
    */
    assert((firstSize > 0) && (secondSize > 0));
    if (firstSize > secondSize) {
        firstDigit = popDigit(first, firstSize);
        firstDigit = complementDigit(firstDigit, firstNegative);
        secondDigit = 0;
    } else if (secondSize > firstSize) {
        firstDigit = 0;
        secondDigit = popDigit(second, secondSize);
        secondDigit = complementDigit(secondDigit, secondNegative);
    } else {
        //  same size
        firstDigit = popDigit(first, firstSize);
        firstDigit = complementDigit(firstDigit, firstNegative);
        secondDigit = popDigit(second, secondSize);
        secondDigit = complementDigit(secondDigit, secondNegative);
    }

    //  recursion ends at LSB
    if ((firstSize == 0) && (secondSize == 0)) {
        //  if negative, add 1 to complemented LSB
        if (firstNegative) {
            firstDigit++;
        }
        if (secondNegative) {
            secondDigit++;
        }
        myCarry = previousCarry;
    } else {
        myCarry = addNUMBERs(first, firstSize, firstNegative,
            second, secondSize, secondNegative,
            previousCarry);
    }

    /*
        2nd half of the problem.

        Sum the digits and save them in first[].
    */
    mySum = firstDigit + secondDigit + ((myCarry) ? 1 : 0);
    if ((myCarry = (mySum > 9))) {
        mySum -= 10;
    }
    pushSum(mySum + '0');
    return(myCarry);
}

//  Handle the printing logic.
void addAndPrint(char *first, int firstSize, bool firstNegative,
        char *second, int secondSize, bool secondNegative,
        int previousCarry) {

    openSum();
    addNUMBERs(first, firstSize, firstNegative,
        second, secondSize, secondNegative,
        previousCarry)
    closeSum();
    if (*sumPointer<'5') {
        //  it's positive
        for (; *sumPointer=='0'; sumPointer++) {} // discard leading 0s
        //  if all zeros (sumPointer @ NUL), back up one
        sumPointer -= (*sumPointer == NUL) ? 1 : 0;
        printf("%s\n", sumPointer);
    } else {
        //  it's negative
        char    *p;

        //  discard leading 0s (9s in 10s complement)
        for (; *sumPointer=='9' && *sumPointer; sumPointer++) {}
        //  if -1 (sumPointer @ EOS), back up one
        sumPointer -= (*sumPointer == NUL) ? 1 : 0;
        for (p=sumPointer; *p; p++) {
            *p = '0' + ('9' - *p); // uncomplement
            //  special handling, +1 for last digit
            *p += (*(p+1)) ? 0 : 1;
        }
        printf("-%s\n", sumPointer);

    }
    return;
}

/*
    Lex a number from STDIN.

Arguments:
    bufferPointer - pointer to a pointer to a buffer, use as
            **buffer = c;   // put "c" in the buffer
            *buffer += 1;   // increment the buffer pointer
            (*buffer)++;    // also increments the buffer pointer

All sorts of side-effects:
    - getc(stdin)
    - ungetc(...,stdin)
    - modifies value of **bufferPointer
    - modifies value of *bufferPointer

Returns:
    lexNUMBER() - number of bytes added to *bufferPointer,
            *1 if POSITIVENUMBER,
            *-1 if NEGATIVENUMBER
    *bufferPointer - points to the LSB of the number parsed + 1
*/
#define pushc(c) (*((*bufferPointer)++)=c)
bool lexNUMBER(char **bufferPointer) {
    char    c;
    int size = 0;
    bool    sign = false;

    /* lex a NUMBER */
    if ((c=getchar()) == '0') {
        pushc(c);
        c = getchar();
        size++;
    } else {
        if (c == '-') {
            sign = true;
            c = getchar();
            // "-" isn't a digit, don't add to size
        }
        if (c == '0') {
            die();
        }
        for (size=0; isdigit(c); size++) {
            if (size >= MAXDIGITS) {
                die();
            }
            pushc(c);
            c = getchar();
        }
    }
    if (size < 1) {
        die();
    }
    ungetc(c,stdin);        // give back unmatched character
    return (sign);
}

int main() {
    int c;
    char    buffer[MAXVALIDINPUT];
    char    *bufferPointer;
    char    *first, *second;
    int firstSize, secondSize;
    bool    firstNegative, secondNegative;

    bufferPointer = buffer + 1; // hack, space for leading digit
    //  parse 1st number
    first = bufferPointer;
    firstNegative = lexNUMBER(&bufferPointer);
    firstSize = bufferPointer - first;
    *(bufferPointer++) = NUL;   // hack, space for EOS
    bufferPointer++;        // hack, space for leading digit
    //  parse separating blank
    if ((c=getchar()) != ' ') {
        die();
    }
    //  parse 2nd number
    second = bufferPointer;
    secondNegative = lexNUMBER(&bufferPointer);
    secondSize = bufferPointer - second;
    *(bufferPointer++) = NUL;   // hack, space for EOS
    //  parse end of input
    c = getchar();
    if (! ((c == EOF) || ((c == '\n') && ((c=getchar()) == EOF))) ) {
        die();
    }
    //  Some very implementation-specific massaging.
    *(--first) = '0';       // prefix with leading 0
    *(first+(++firstSize)) = NUL;   // add EOS
    *(--second) = '0';      // prefix with leading 0
    *(second+(++secondSize)) = NUL; // add EOS
    //  add and print two arbitrary precision numbers
    addAndPrint(first, firstSize, firstNegative,
        second, secondSize, secondNegative, false);
    return(0);
}

여기에 약간의 테스트 장치와 몇 가지 테스트 사례가 있습니다. 과도한 펄 사용을 찢어 버리십시오. 개발 된 시스템에는 최신 배쉬가 없었습니다.

#!/bin/bash
#
#   testharness.sh
#
# Use as: bash testharness.sh program_to_be_tested < test_data
#
# Each line in the test data file should be formatted as:
#
#   INPUT = bash printf string, must not contain '"'
#   OUTPUT = perl string, must not contain '"'
#           (inserted into the regex below, use wisely)
#   TESTNAME = string, must not contain '"'
#   GARBAGE = comments or whatever you like
#   INPUTQUOTED = DQUOTE INPUT DQUOTE
#   OUTPUTQUOTED = DQUOTE OUTPUT DQUOTE
#   TESTQUOTED = DQUOTE TESTNAME DQUOTE
#   TESTLINE = INPUTQUOTED *WSP OUTPUTQUOTED *WSP TESTQUOTED GARBAGE
TESTPROGRAM=$1
TMPFILE=testharness.$$
trap "rm $TMPFILE" EXIT
N=0         # line number in the test file
while read -r line; do
    N=$((N+1))
    fields=$(perl -e 'split("\"",$ARGV[0]);print "$#_";' "$line")
    if [[ $fields -lt 5 ]]; then
        echo "skipped@$N"
        continue
    fi
    INPUT=$(perl -e 'split("\"",$ARGV[0]);print "$_[1]";' "$line")
    OUTPUT=$(perl -e 'split("\"",$ARGV[0]);print "$_[3]";' "$line")
    TESTNAME=$(perl -e 'split("\"",$ARGV[0]);print "$_[5]";' "$line")
    printf -- "$INPUT" | $TESTPROGRAM > $TMPFILE
    perl -e "\$t='^\\\s*$OUTPUT\\\s*\$'; exit (<> =~ \$t);" < $TMPFILE
    if [[ $? -ne 0 ]]; then     # perl -e "exit(0==0)" => 1
        echo "ok $TESTNAME"
    else
        echo -n "failed@$N $TESTNAME," \
            "given: \"$INPUT\" expected: \"$OUTPUT\" received: "
        cat $TMPFILE
        echo
    fi
done

작은 테스트 사례 세트 :

"0 0"       "0" "simple, 0+0=0"
"1 1"       "2" "simple, 1+1=2"

""      "E" "error, no numbers"
"0"     "E" "error, one number"
"0  0"      "E" "error, two/too much white space"
"0 0 "      "E" "error, trailing characters"
"01 0"      "E" "error, leading zeros not allowed"

"-0 0"      "E" "error, negative zero not allowed
"0 -0"      "E" "error, negative zero not allowed here either

"1 1\n"     "2" "LF only allowed trailing character

"\0001 1\n"    "E" "error, try to confuse C string routines #1"
"1\00 1\n"  "E" "error, try to confuse C string routines #2"
"1 \0001\n"    "E" "error, try to confuse C string routines #3"
"1 1\000\n"    "E" "error, try to confuse C string routines #4"
"1 1\n\000"    "E" "error, try to confuse C string routines #5"

"-1 -1"     "-2"    "add all combinations of -1..1 #1"
"-1 0"      "-1"    "add all combinations of -1..1 #2"
"-1 1"      "0" "add all combinations of -1..1 #3"
"0 -1"      "-1"    "add all combinations of -1..1 #4"
"0 0"       "0" "add all combinations of -1..1 #5"
"0 1"       "1" "add all combinations of -1..1 #6"
"1 -1"      "0" "add all combinations of -1..1 #7"
"1 0"       "1" "add all combinations of -1..1 #8"
"1 1"       "2" "add all combinations of -1..1 #9"

"0 123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789" "123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789" "0+99 digits should work"

"100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000" "200000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000" "99 digits+99 digits should work"

"500000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 500000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000" "1000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000" "test for accumulator overflow"

"-123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789 0" "-123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789" "0+negative 99 digits work"

"-100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 -100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000" "-200000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000" "99 digits+99 digits (both negative) should work"

"-500000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 -500000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000" "-1000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000" "test for negative accumulator overflow"

"1234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890123456789012345678901234567890 0" "E" "error, 100 digits"

289

편집 :이 코드는 양의 정수에 대해서만 작동합니다. 이 답변을 게시 한 이후 규칙이 변경되었습니다.

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
int r[101],s;void x(int i){r[i]|=32;if(r[i]>41)r[i+1]++,r[i]-=10,x(i+1);}void f(int b){int c=getchar();if(c!=b){if(s>99||c<48||c>57)exit(puts("E"));f(b);r[s]+=c-48;x(s++);}}int main(){f(32);s=0;f(10);for(s=100;s--;)if(r[s])putchar(r[s]+16);return 0;}

Ungolfed 및 댓글 버전 :

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

//global variables are automatically init to zero
int result[101]; //101 because 2 numbers of 100 digits can give a 101-digits result
int currentNumber;

void reportAddition(int i) {
    result[i]|=0x20; //flag "active" value, 6th bit
    if(result[i]>9+0x20) {
        result[i+1]++;
        result[i]-=10;
        reportAddition(i+1);
    }
}

void addNumber(int endingChar) {
    int c=getchar();
    if(c!=endingChar) {
        if(currentNumber>99||c<'0'||c>'9') //error
            exit(puts("Error"));
        addNumber(endingChar);
        result[currentNumber]+=c-'0';
        reportAddition(currentNumber); //handle case when addition give a value greater than 9
        currentNumber++;
    }
}

int main() {

    addNumber(' '); //add first number
    currentNumber=0;
    addNumber('\n'); //add second

    for(currentNumber=100;currentNumber--;)
        if(result[currentNumber])
            putchar(result[currentNumber]+'0'-0x20); //display char
    return 0;
}

442

꽤 길기 때문에 주말에 골프를 계속할 수 있습니다. 입력이 stdin, EOF- 종료 (개행없이)에서 시작되고 구분 기호는 ASCII 값 32의 한 문자 (즉, ' '문자) 인 것으로 가정합니다.

#include<stdio.h>
char a[102],b[102],c[102],*p=a,d;int i,j=101,l,L,k,F=1;int main(){while(~(k=getchar())){if(47<k&&k<58){p[i++]=k;if(i==101)goto f;}else if(k==32&&F)p=b,l=i,F=0,i=0;else goto f;}L=i;for(i=(l<L?l:L)-1;i+1;i--){c[j]=(L<l?b[i]-48+a[i+l-L]:a[i]-48+b[i+L-l]);if(c[j--]>57)c[j]++,c[j+1]-=10;}for(i=(L<l?l-L-1:L-l-1);i+1;i--)c[j--]=(L<l?a[i]:b[i]);for(i=0;i<102;i++)if(c[i]&&(c[i]-48||d))d=putchar(c[i]);return 0;f:return puts("E");}

오류 메시지는 단일 문자 'E'이며 그 뒤에 줄 바꿈이 있습니다.

줄 바꿈과 약간의 들여 쓰기가 추가되면 (판독 가능한 버전이 따르므로 여기를 건너 뛰십시오)

#include<stdio.h>
char a[102],b[102],c[102],*p=a,d;
int i,j=101,l,L,k,F=1;
int main(){
    while(~(k=getchar())){
        if(47<k&&k<58){
            p[i++]=k;
            if(i==101)goto f;
        }else if(k==32&&F)p=b,l=i,F=0,i=0;
        else goto f;
    }
    L=i;
    for(i=(l<L?l:L)-1;i+1;i--){
        c[j]=(L<l?b[i]-48+a[i+l-L]:a[i]-48+b[i+L-l]);
        if(c[j--]>57)c[j]++,c[j+1]-=10;
    }
    for(i=(L<l?l-L-1:L-l-1);i+1;i--)c[j--]=(L<l?a[i]:b[i]);
    for(i=0;i<102;i++)if(c[i]&&(c[i]-48||d))d=putchar(c[i]);
    return 0;
    f:return puts("E");
}

읽을 수있는 버전 (일부 문장은 좀 더 읽기 쉽도록 약간 변경되었지만 내용은 동일해야 함) :

#include <stdio.h>
char num1[102],num2[102],sum[102]; //globals initialised to 0
char *p=num1;
int outputZero=0, noExtraSpace=1;
int i=0, j=101, len1, len2, ch;
#define min(x,y) (x<y?x:y)
int main(){
    while((ch=getchar())!=-1) { //assumes EOF is -1
        if('0'<=ch && ch<='9') {
            p[i]=ch;
            i++;
            if(i==101) goto fail; //if input too long
        } else if(ch==' ' && noExtraSpace) {
            p=num2;
            len1=i;
            noExtraSpace=0;
            i=0;
        } else goto fail; //invalid character
    }
    len2=i;
    for(i=min(len1, len2)-1; i>=0; i--) {
        //add each digit when both numbers have that digit
        sum[j]=(len2<len1?num2[i]-'0'+num1[i+len1-len2]:num1[i]-'0'+num2[i+len2-len1]);
        if(sum[j]>'9') { //deal with carries
            sum[j-1]++;
            sum[j]-=10;
        }
        j--;
    }
    for(i=(len2<len1?len1-len2-1:len2-len1-1); i>=0; i--) {
        //copy extra digits when one number is longer than the other
        sum[j]=(len2<len1?num1[i]:num2[i]);
        j--;
    }
    for(i=0; i<102; i++) {
        if(sum[i] && (sum[i]-'0' || outputZero)) {
            putchar(sum[i]);
            outputZero=1;
            //if a digit has been output, the remaining zeroes must not be leading
        }
    }
    return 0;
    fail:
    puts("Error");
    return 0;
}

_{그만큼 goto fail;문제는 Apple을 조롱 것입니다.}

내가 사용한 gcc의 버전은 gcc (Ubuntu/Linaro 4.6.3-1ubuntu5) 4.6.3입니다. 경고는 없습니다.

633 바이트

"나쁜 소년"C 프로그램은 도전 반을 충족합니다. C를 남용하고 많은 경고를 던지지 만 작동합니다 ... 임의 정밀도 산술은 실제로에 의해 수행됩니다 bc.

#include<stdio.h>
#include<string.h>
#include<ctype.h>
#define g() getc(stdin)
#define z(c) b[i++]=c,b[i]='\0'
x(){puts("E\n");exit(1);}main(){int c,y=0,i=0;char b[232]="",*h="echo ",*t=" | bc -q | tr -d '\\\\\\012'";strcat(b,h);i=strlen(h);if((c=g())=='0'){z(c);y=1;c=g();}else{if(c=='-'){z(c);c=g();}c!='0'||x();ungetc(c,stdin);for(y=0;isdigit(c=g());y++){z(c);y<99||x();}}y>0||x();c==' '||x();z('+');y=0;if((c=g())=='0'){z(c);y=1;c=g();}else{if(c=='-'){z(c);c=g();}c!='0'||x();do{if(!isdigit(c))break;z(c);y++;y<=99||x();}while(c=g());}y>0||x();strcat(b+i,t);i+=strlen(t);if(!((c==-1)||((c=='\n')&&((c=g())==-1))))x();system(b);}

축소되지 않은 버전

/*
Read input from STDIN. The input must conform to VALIDINPUT:

    NONZERODIGIT = "1" / "2" / "3" / "4" / "5" / "6" / "7" / "8" / "9"
    POSITIVENUMBER = NONZERODIGIT *98DIGIT
    NEGATIVENUMBER = "-" POSITIVENUMBER
    NUMBER = NEGATIVENUMBER / POSITIVENUMBER / "0"
    VALIDINPUT = NUMBER SP NUMBER *1LF EOF

Check syntax of input. If input is correct, use the shell command
"echo NUMBER+NUMBER | bc -q" to do the arbitrary precision integer arithmetic.

NB, this solution requires that the "normal" bc be 1st in the PATH.


    Fun C language features used:
    - ignore arguments to main()
    - preprocessor macros
    - pointer arithmetic
    - , operator
    - ?: operator
    - do-while loop
    - for loop test does input
    - implicit return/exit
    - short is still a type!
    - ungetc()
    - use int as bool and 0 & 1 as magic numbers
    - implicit type coersion

5/5/14, Stop fighting the syntax graph. Get rid of "positive" flag.
*/
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <ctype.h>
#define MAXDIGITS (99)
#define pushc(c) (buffer[index++]=c,buffer[index]='\0')
#define pushs(s) (strcat(buffer+index,s),index+=strlen(s))

int die() { printf("E\n"); exit(1); }

int main () {
    int c;
    /*
    buffer budget:
    5               "echo "
    1+MAXDIGITS (include "-")   NUMBER
    1               "+"
    1+MAXDIGITS (include "-")   NUMBER
    25              " | bc -q | tr -d '\\\012'"
    1               NUL
    */
    char    buffer[5+1+MAXDIGITS+1+1+MAXDIGITS+25+1] = "";
    short   index = 0;
    short   digits;

    pushs("echo ");
    // parse 1st number
    digits = 0;
    if ((c=getchar()) == '0') {
        pushc(c);
        digits = 1;
        c = getchar();
    } else {
        if (c == '-') {
            // "-" doesn't count against digits total
            pushc(c);
            c = getchar();
        }
        (c != '0') || die();
        ungetc(c,stdin);
        for (digits=0; isdigit(c=getchar()); digits++) {
            pushc(c);
            (digits<MAXDIGITS) || die();
        }
    }
    (digits>=1) || die();
    // parse separating blank
    (c == ' ') || die();
    pushc('+');
    // parse 2nd number
    digits = 0;
    if ((c=getchar()) == '0') {
        pushc(c);
        digits = 1;
        c = getchar();
    } else {
        if (c == '-') {
            // "-" doesn't count against digits total
            pushc(c);
            c = getchar();
        }
        (c != '0') || die();
        do {
            if (!isdigit(c)) {
                break;
            }
            pushc(c);
            digits++;
            (digits<=MAXDIGITS) || die();
        } while(c=getchar());
    }
    (digits>=1) || die();
    pushs(" | bc -q | tr -d '\\\\\\012'");
    // parse end of input
    if (! ((c == EOF) || ((c == '\n') && ((c=getchar()) == EOF))) ) {
        die();
    }
    // add two arbitrary precision numbers and print the result to STDOUT
    system(buffer);
}