날짜 범위를 구간 설명으로 변환

최근 프로젝트의 요구 사항은 자원이 완전히 소비되는시기를보고하는 것이 었습니다. 나는 피로한 달력 날짜뿐만 아니라 남은 시간을 영어와 같은 형식으로 보여 달라는 요청을 받았습니다. "1 년, 3 개월".

내장 DATEDIFF기능

지정된 시작 날짜와 종료 날짜 사이에 지정된 날짜 부분 경계의 개수를 반환합니다.

있는 그대로 사용하면 오해의 소지가 있거나 혼란스러운 결과가 발생할 수 있습니다. 예를 들어, YEAR 간격을 사용하면 1999-12-31 (YYYY-MM-DD) 및 2000-01-01이 1 년 간격으로 표시되지만 상식적으로는이 날짜가 1 일로 분리되어 있다고합니다. 반대로 1999-12-31 일과 2010-12-31 일 사이의 간격을 사용하면 4,018 일로 분리되지만 대부분의 사람들은 "11 년"을 더 나은 설명으로 간주합니다.

일 수부터 시작하여 월과 연도를 계산하면 연도 및 월 크기 오류가 발생하기 쉽습니다.

다양한 SQL 방언으로 이것이 어떻게 구현 될 수 있는지 궁금합니다. 출력 예는 다음과 같습니다.

create table TestData(
    FromDate date not null,
    ToDate date not null,
    ExpectedResult varchar(100) not null); -- exact formatting is unimportant

insert TestData (FromDate, ToDate, ExpectedResult)
values ('1999-12-31', '1999-12-31', '0 days'),
       ('1999-12-31', '2000-01-01', '1 day'),
       ('2000-01-01', '2000-02-01', '1 month'),
       ('2000-02-01', '2000-03-01', '1 month'),              -- month length not important
       ('2000-01-28', '2000-02-29', '1 month, 1 day'),       -- leap years to be accounted for
       ('2000-01-01', '2000-12-31', '11 months, 30 days'),
       ('2000-02-28', '2000-03-01', '2 days'),
       ('2001-02-28', '2001-03-01', '1 day'),                -- not a leap year
       ('2000-01-01', '2001-01-01', '1 year'),
       ('2000-01-01', '2011-01-01', '11 years'),
       ('9999-12-30', '9999-12-31', '1 day'),                -- catch overflow in date calculations
       ('1900-01-01', '9999-12-31', '8099 years 11 months 30 days');  -- min(date) to max(date)

SQL Server 2008R2를 사용하고 있지만 다른 방언이 어떻게 처리하는지 배우고 싶습니다.

다음 솔루션은 SQL Server를위한 것입니다. 이 접근 방식은 쿼리가 DATEADD 및 DATEDIFF 함수 만 사용한다는 점에서 Serg 와 비슷 합니다. 그러나 음수 간격 ( FromDate > ToDate )을 고려하지 않으며 총 월 차이에서 년과 월을 파생시킵니다.

WITH
  MonthDiff AS
  (
    SELECT
      t.FromDate,
      t.ToDate,
      t.ExpectedResult,
      Months = x.Months - CASE WHEN DAY(t.FromDate) > DAY(t.ToDate) THEN 1 ELSE 0 END
    FROM
      dbo.TestData AS t
      CROSS APPLY (SELECT DATEDIFF(MONTH, t.FromDate, t.ToDate)) AS x (Months)
  )
SELECT
  t.FromDate,
  t.ToDate,
  t.ExpectedResult,
  Result = ISNULL(NULLIF(ISNULL(x.Years  + CASE x.Years  WHEN '1' THEN ' year '  ELSE ' years '  END, '')
                       + ISNULL(x.Months + CASE x.Months WHEN '1' THEN ' month ' ELSE ' months ' END, '')
                       + ISNULL(x.Days   + CASE x.Days   WHEN '1' THEN ' day '   ELSE ' days '   END, ''), ''), '0 days')
FROM
  MonthDiff AS t
  CROSS APPLY
  (
    SELECT
      CAST(NULLIF(t.Months / 12, 0) AS varchar(10)),
      CAST(NULLIF(t.Months % 12, 0) AS varchar(10)),
      CAST(NULLIF(DATEDIFF(DAY, DATEADD(MONTH, t.Months, t.FromDate), t.ToDate), 0) AS varchar(10))
  ) AS x (Years, Months, Days)
;

산출:

FromDate    ToDate      ExpectedResult                 Result
----------  ----------  -----------------------------  -----------------------------
1999-12-31  1999-12-31  0 days                         0 days
1999-12-31  2000-01-01  1 day                          1 day 
2000-01-01  2000-02-01  1 month                        1 month 
2000-02-01  2000-03-01  1 month                        1 month 
2000-01-28  2000-02-29  1 month, 1 day                 1 month 1 day 
2000-01-01  2000-12-31  11 months, 30 days             11 months 30 days 
2000-02-28  2000-03-01  2 days                         2 days 
2001-02-28  2001-03-01  1 day                          1 day 
2000-01-01  2001-01-01  1 year                         1 year 
2000-01-01  2011-01-01  11 years                       11 years 
9999-12-30  9999-12-31  1 day                          1 day 
1900-01-01  9999-12-31  8099 years 11 months 30 days   8099 years 11 months 30 days 

이 답변은 SQL Server (2005+) CLR 기능을 사용한 구현을 보여줍니다.

-- Enable CLR (if necessary)
EXECUTE sys.sp_configure 
    @configname = 'clr enabled',
    @configvalue = 1;

RECONFIGURE;

조립 및 기능

CREATE ASSEMBLY DBA
AUTHORIZATION dbo
FROM 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WITH PERMISSION_SET = SAFE;
GO
CREATE FUNCTION dbo.IntervalDescription
(
    @From date, 
    @To date
)
RETURNS nvarchar(100)
AS EXTERNAL NAME 
    DBA.UserDefinedFunctions.IntervalDescription;

용법

SELECT 
    TD.FromDate,
    TD.ToDate,
    TD.ExpectedResult, 
    IntervalDescription = dbo.IntervalDescription(TD.FromDate, TD.ToDate) 
FROM dbo.TestData AS TD;

결과

출처

_{저는 C # 프로그래머가 아닙니다!}

using Microsoft.SqlServer.Server;
using System;
using System.Text;

public partial class UserDefinedFunctions
{
    [SqlFunction
        (
        DataAccess = DataAccessKind.None,
        SystemDataAccess = SystemDataAccessKind.None,
        IsDeterministic = true,
        IsPrecise = true,
        Name = "IntervalDescription"
        )
    ]
    [return: SqlFacet(IsFixedLength = false, IsNullable = false, MaxSize = 100)]
    public static string IntervalDescription(DateTime From, DateTime To)
    {
        var workDate = From;
        int years = To.Year - From.Year;
        int months = 0;
        int days = 0;

        if (years != 0)
        {
            if (From.Month > To.Month || (From.Month == To.Month && From.Day > To.Day))
            {
                years--;
            }
            workDate = workDate.AddYears(years);
        }

        while (workDate < To && (workDate.Year != DateTime.MaxValue.Year || workDate.Month != DateTime.MaxValue.Month))
        {
            if (workDate.AddMonths(1) <= To)
            {
                months++;
                workDate = workDate.AddMonths(1);
            }
            else
            {
                break;
            }
        }

        while (workDate < To)
        {
            days++;
            workDate = workDate.AddDays(1);
        }

        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(100);

        if (years > 0)
        {
            sb.Append(years);
            sb.Append(years == 1 ? " year" : " years");
            sb.Append((months > 0 || days > 0) ? ", " : string.Empty);
        }

        if (months > 0)
        {
            sb.Append(months);
            sb.Append(months == 1 ? " month" : " months");
            sb.Append(days > 0 ? ", " : string.Empty);
        }

        if (days > 0 || (years == 0 && months == 0))
        {
            sb.Append(days);
            sb.Append(days == 1 ? " day" : " days");
        }

        return
            sb.ToString();

    }
}

SQL Server 2008R2 SP2에서 구현 된 내 버전입니다.

CREATE FUNCTION dbo.ReadableInterval(
    @FromDate AS date,
    @ToDate AS date
)
RETURNS TABLE AS RETURN 
(
with YearStep as
(
    select
        max(n1.Number) as YearNumber
    from dbo.Numbers as n1
    where n1.Number <= DATEDIFF(YEAR, @FromDate, @ToDate)  -- see comment (A)
    and DATEADD(YEAR, n1.Number, @FromDate) <= @ToDate     -- see comment (B)
)
, MonthStep as
(
    select
        max(n2.Number) as MonthNumber
    from dbo.Numbers as n2
    cross apply YearStep as y1
    where n2.Number <= DATEDIFF(MONTH, DATEADD(YEAR, y1.YearNumber, @FromDate), @ToDate)
    and DATEADD(MONTH, n2.Number, DATEADD(YEAR, y1.YearNumber, @FromDate)) <= @ToDate
)
, DayStep as
(
    select
        DATEDIFF(day, DATEADD(MONTH, m1.MonthNumber, DATEADD(YEAR, y2.YearNumber, @FromDate)), @ToDate) as DayNumber
    from MonthStep as m1
    cross apply YearStep as y2
)
select
    y.YearNumber,
    m.MonthNumber,
    d.DayNumber
from YearStep as y
cross apply MonthStep as m
cross apply DayStep as d
)

주어진 테스트 데이터로 결과는

select
    td.FromDate,
    td.ToDate,
    td.ExpectedResult,
    ri.YearNumber as Years,
    ri.MonthNumber as Months,
    ri.DayNumber as [Days]
from dbo.TestData as td
cross apply dbo.ReadableInterval(td.FromDate, td.ToDate) as ri;

FromDate   ToDate     ExpectedResult               Years Months Days
---------- ---------- ---------------------------- ----- ------ ----
1999-12-31 1999-12-31 0 days                           0      0    0
1999-12-31 2000-01-01 1 day                            0      0    1
2000-01-01 2000-02-01 1 month                          0      1    0
2000-02-01 2000-03-01 1 month                          0      1    0
2000-01-28 2000-02-29 1 month, 1 day                   0      1    1
2000-01-01 2000-12-31 11 months, 30 days               0     11   30
2000-02-28 2000-03-01 2 days                           0      0    2
2001-02-28 2001-03-01 1 day                            0      0    1
2000-01-01 2001-01-01 1 year                           1      0    0
2000-01-01 2011-01-01 11 years                        11      0    0
9999-12-30 9999-12-31 1 day                            0      0    1
1900-01-01 9999-12-31 8099 years 11 months 30 days  8099     11   30

설명

내 일반적인 접근 방식은 이전 날짜부터 몇 년, 몇 달, 며칠 후에 진행하는 것입니다. 각 세분성 수준에서 목표는 종료 날짜에 가까워지지 않고 그다음에 더 낮은 수준으로 계속하는 것입니다.

숫자 테이블 을 사용 하여 근접하지만 근접하지 않은 계산을 용이하게합니다. 이 표 에서 코드에서 주석 (B) DATEADD앞에 가장 큰 년 / 월 / 일 수를 찾을 수 있습니다 ToDate.

MAX 번호를 찾고 내 Numbers 테이블이 클러스터되어 있기 때문에 옵티마이 저가 내림차순 스캔을 수행하여 DATEADD에 값을 공급했습니다. Numbers에 100,000 개가 넘는 행이 포함되어있어 날짜 오버플로 오류가 발생했습니다. DATEADD(YEAR, 100000, @FromDate)9999-12-31보다 크면 오류가 발생합니다. 술어 (A)는 날짜 오버 플로우를 피하면서 역방향 스캔이 시작되는 숫자 값의 상한을 제공합니다. 결과적으로 쿼리 계획은 매우 큰 날짜 범위에 대해 거의 행을 통과하지 않습니다.

이 방법은 첫 CTE에서 찾은 몇 년 동안 몇 달 동안 출발점이 시작되는 것을 제외하고는 몇 년과 몇 달을 찾는 데 사용됩니다. DAYS는 가장 낮은 수준의 세분성이므로 간단한 DATEDIFF로 충분합니다.

필요한 경우 시간, 분 및 초 단위로 간격을 반환하여 더 세밀한 수준으로 확장 할 수 있습니다.

PostgreSQL은 기본 age기능을 지원합니다 :

select
  FromDate,
  ToDate,
  ExpectedResult,
  age(ToDate, FromDate)
from TestData;

원하는 결과를 얻거나 시간 값을 추가로 제공합니다.

FromDate      ToDate        ExpectedResult                  age
----------    ----------    ----------------------------    --------------------------
1999-12-31    1999-12-31    0 days                          00:00:00
1999-12-31    2000-01-01    1 day                           1 day
2000-01-01    2000-02-01    1 month                         1 mon
2000-02-01    2000-03-01    1 month                         1 mon
2000-01-28    2000-02-29    1 month, 1 day                  1 mon 1 day
2000-01-01    2000-12-31    11 months, 30 days              11 mons 30 days
2000-02-28    2000-03-01    2 days                          2 days
2001-02-28    2001-03-01    1 day                           1 day
2000-01-01    2001-01-01    1 year                          1 year
2000-01-01    2011-01-01    11 years                        11 years
9999-12-30    9999-12-31    1 day                           1 day
1900-01-01    9999-12-31    8099 years 11 months 30 days    8099 years 11 mons 30 days

number테이블이 없거나 버전이 필요한 버전입니다 . Michael Green의 테스트 데이터에 대해 동일한 결과를 제공합니다. 그들은 어디에서 데이터에 차이가 @FromDate > @ToDate있습니다. ReadableInterval2널과 반대로 음수 값을 리턴합니다.

CREATE FUNCTION dbo.ReadableInterval2(
    @FromDate AS date,
    @ToDate AS date
)
RETURNS TABLE AS RETURN 
(with checkData as (
    select 
       fromDate = case when @FromDate > @ToDate then @ToDate else @FromDate end,
       toDate = case when @FromDate <= @ToDate then @ToDate else @FromDate end,
       k = case when @FromDate > @ToDate then -1 else 1 end
), MonthStep as (
    select k, FromDate, ToDate,
        YearNumber = x.months / 12,
        MonthNumber = x.months % 12
    from checkdata
    cross apply(
        select months = DATEDIFF(MONTH, FromDate, ToDate)
            - case when DAY(FromDate) > DAY(ToDate) then 1 else 0 end
        ) x
)
select YearNumber = k*YearNumber, 
      MonthNumber = k*MonthNumber,
      DayNumber = k*DATEDIFF(day, DATEADD(MONTH, MonthNumber, DATEADD(YEAR, YearNumber, FromDate)), ToDate) 
    from MonthStep 
)