답변:
이것은 기본적인 벅 컨버터입니다.
인덕터를 통한 전류 인덕터 위의 전압은 . 부하 (저항) 및 커패시터의 전압은. The upper state is called the on state and the bottom state is called the off state. The switch is controlled by a PWM signal.
The relation between and is:
The inductance limits the rate of the increase and decrease of the current. So use a larger inductor for a smaller current ripple. Because a capacitor acts like a voltage buffer here, a larger capacitor will make the voltage ripple smaller.
Everything depends of course on the frequency of the PWM signal. The higher the frequency, the smaller the time for the current to increase. So a higher frequency will decrease the current ripple.
When you make or purchase an inductor, make sure the current the inductor can handle is larger than the peak current which is the average current + 50% of the current ripple.
When you purchase a capacitor, make sure it has low ESR so minimum power losses.
Very good explanations on how to calculate the required inductance and capacitance are on this site: http://www.daycounter.com/LabBook/BuckConverter/Buck-Converter-Equations.phtml There is also a calculator which you can use to calculate the required inductance and capacitance.
Designing your own buck (or boost) converter is really fun! You have to take in account switching and conductance losses in the switch, conductance and core losses in the inductor, losses in the capacitance and diode. Designing a buck converter is looking for the frequency, C and L combination with the highest efficiency and the lowest cost. (And don't turn your converter into a radio transmitter like I did this morning :-P )
The image is from Wikipedia which has a great article on buck converters.
인덕터의 선택은 여러 가지 이유로 중요합니다.
일반적으로 원하는 인덕터를 선택한 다음 리플 전압과 관련하여 출력 커패시턴스의 크기를 조정하는 것이 더 쉽습니다. 결합 된 ESR이 원하는 리플을 제공하는지, 그리고 캡이 인덕터가 제공 할 리플 전류 및 주파수에 대해 적절한 등급을 부여했는지 확인하십시오.
DC 전류로 인해 자성 물질의 투과성이 롤오프되어 스위칭 리플이 높아질 수 있으므로 최악의 과부하 상태에서 인덕터가 포화되지 않도록해야합니다. 자기 설계에 익숙하지 않은 경우 벅에 적합한 상용 인덕터를 선택하는 것이 더 쉽습니다 (즉, 포화 전에 처리 할 수있는 전류량을 지정하는 인덕터).
[It's fun playing with distributed-gap ferrite material like Sendust and Kool-Mu, which can take a lot of abuse without saturating out and blowing up your switches, but I digress...]