http://help.arcgis.com/en/arcgisdesktop/10.0/help/index.html#//003n0000007w000000 에서 아이디어를 찾았습니다
.
"지오 프로세싱 Compact 도구를 실행할 때마다이 .lock 파일이 제거됩니다"
string[] lockfiles = Directory.GetFiles(project.Path, "*.lock", SearchOption.AllDirectories);
if(lockfiles.Length > 0)
{
int lockCt = 0;
while (lockCt < lockfiles.Length)
{
string inFGDB = System.IO.Path.GetDirectoryName(lockfiles[lockCt]);
ESRI.ArcGIS.DataManagementTools.Compact compactProcess = new ESRI.ArcGIS.DataManagementTools.Compact();
compactProcess.in_workspace = inFGDB;
geoprocessor.Execute(compactProcess ,null);
lockCt++;
}
}