numpy.array의 부울 맵에서 1의 그룹 수 계산

16

현재 PIL (Python Image Library)을 통해 Python에서 일부 이미지 처리를 처리하고 있습니다. 나의 주요 목표는 면역 조직 화학 이미지에서 유색 세포의 수를 세는 것입니다. 나는 관련 프로그램, 라이브러리, 함수 및 튜토리얼이 있다는 것을 알고 있으며 거의 모든 것을 확인했습니다. 나의 주요 목표는 가능한 한 처음부터 코드를 수동으로 작성하는 것입니다. 따라서 많은 외부 라이브러리와 함수를 사용하지 않으려 고합니다. 나는 대부분의 프로그램을 작성했다. 단계별로 진행되는 작업은 다음과 같습니다.

프로그램이 이미지 파일을 가져옵니다.

그리고 그것은 적혈구를 위해 그것을 처리합니다 (기본적으로 RGB 값이 적의 특정 임계 값 아래로 꺼집니다) 여기에 이미지 설명을 입력하십시오

그리고 위의 처리 된 두 번째 이미지에서 빨간색 픽셀이있는 곳마다 기본적으로 1을 넣는 부울 맵을 만듭니다 (큰 부분이므로 붙여 넣기).

22222222222222222222222222222222222222222
20000000111111110000000000000000000000002
20000000111111110000000000000000000000002
20000000111111110000000000000000000000002
20000000011111100000000000000000001100002
20000000001111100000000000000000011111002
20000000000110000000000000000000011111002
20000000000000000000000000000000111111002
20000000000000000000000000000000111111102
20000000000000000000000000000001111111102
20000000000000000000000000000001111111102
20000000000000000000000000000000111111002
20000000000000000000000000000000010000002
20000000000000000000000000000000000000002
22222222222222222222222222222222222222222

부울 맵에서 1의 그룹 수를 계산하는 데 도움이되도록 2 초 테두리에있는 것과 같은 프레임을 의도적으로 생성했습니다.

너희들에게 내 질문은, 어떻게 그런 종류의 부울 맵에서 셀 수 (1 그룹)를 효율적으로 계산할 수 있습니까? 나는 매우 관련이 있고 비슷하게 보이는 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connected-component_labeling 을 찾았 지만 지금까지는 픽셀 수준입니다. 내 부울 수준입니다. 단지 1과 0입니다.

고마워

python

— 이브라힘 C. 커트
소스

연결된 구성 요소 레이블링이 정확히 필요합니다. Wikipedia 기사에는 1과 0의 배열로 시작하는 예제가 있기 때문에 왜 그것이 다르다고 생각하는지 모르겠습니다.

영어가 모국어가 아니기 때문에 wikipedia 페이지 전체를 완전히 파악할 수는 없습니다. 페이지의 "순차 알고리즘"부분은 1과 0을 다루는 것처럼 보이지만 여전히 그 뒤에있는 논리를 보지 못했습니다. Forex, 왜 북, 북동, 북서 및 서부를 점검하여 시작합니까?

이 문제는 해결되었습니다.

관심있는 셀이 겹치는 경우 어떻게합니까? 연속적인 얼룩을 찾는 것뿐만 아니라 연결된 모양의 두 셀을 구별 할 수 있도록 원형 기능을 특별히 찾고 있지 않습니까?

— endolith

당신이 가지고있는 세포의 수, 해상도, 픽셀 값의 표준 편차 등의 측면에서 품질이 나쁜 면역 조직 화학 그림이 훨씬 복잡 해집니다. 그래서 나는 작은 프로그램을 작성하려고 노력했습니다. 그런 목적에 적합하지만 입력 이미지처럼 보이며 완벽한 결과를 위해서는 조건이 매우 중요합니다.

— Ibrahim C. Kurt

6

무차별 대입 방식이지만 배열을 래스터 화하는 대신 픽셀 모음을 인덱스하여 영역을 찾기 위해 문제를 뒤집는 방식으로 문제가 발생합니다.

data = """\
000000011111111000000000000000000000000
000000011111111000000000000000000000000
000000011111111000000000000000000000000
000000001111110000000001000000000110000
000000000111110000000011000000001111100
000000000011100000000000100000011111100
000000000000000000000000000000011111100
000000000000000000000000000000011111110
000000000000000000000000000000111111110
000000000000000000000000000000111111110
000000000000000000000000000000011111100
000000000000000000000000000000001000000
000000000000000000000000000000000000000"""

from collections import namedtuple
Point = namedtuple('Point', 'x y')

def points_adjoin(p1, p2):
    # to accept diagonal adjacency, use this form
    #return -1 <= p1.x-p2.x <= 1 and -1 <= p1.y-p2.y <= 1
    return (-1 <= p1.x-p2.x <= 1 and p1.y == p2.y or
             p1.x == p2.x and -1 <= p1.y-p2.y <= 1)

def adjoins(pts, pt):
    return any(points_adjoin(p,pt) for p in pts)

def locate_regions(datastring):
    data = map(list, datastring.splitlines())
    regions = []
    datapts = [Point(x,y) 
                for y,row in enumerate(data) 
                    for x,value in enumerate(row) if value=='1']
    for dp in datapts:
        # find all adjoining regions
        adjregs = [r for r in regions if adjoins(r,dp)]
        if adjregs:
            adjregs[0].add(dp)
            if len(adjregs) > 1:
                # joining more than one reg, merge
                regions[:] = [r for r in regions if r not in adjregs]
                regions.append(reduce(set.union, adjregs))
        else:
            # not adjoining any, start a new region
            regions.append(set([dp]))
    return regions

def region_index(regs, p):
    return next((i for i,reg in enumerate(regs) if p in reg), -1)

def print_regions(regs):
    maxx = max(p.x for r in regs for p in r)
    maxy = max(p.y for r in regs for p in r)
    allregionpts = reduce(set.union, regs)
    for y in range(-1,maxy+2):
        line = []
        for x in range(-1,maxx+2):
            p = Point(x, y)
            if p in allregionpts:
                line.append(str(region_index(regs, p)))
            else:
                line.append('.')
        print ''.join(line)
    print


# test against data set
regs = locate_regions(data)
print len(regs)
print_regions(regs)

인쇄물:

4
........................................
........00000000........................
........00000000........................
........00000000........................
.........000000.........1.........33....
..........00000........11........33333..
...........000...........2......333333..
................................333333..
................................3333333.
...............................33333333.
...............................33333333.
................................333333..
.................................3......
........................................

와우 ... 무슨 말을해야할지 모르겠습니다. 매우 시원합니다. 그리고 완전히 작동합니다. 고마워 폴

이미이 Scipy작업을 수행 하는 기능 이있을 때이 작업이 너무 빠릅니다. 아마도 아마도 더 빠릅니다 ^^ '그러나 어쨌든 좋은 운동과 일반적인 방법을 보여줍니다. 그때 투표하겠습니다.

— Zelphir Kaltstahl

13

ndimage.label이 작업을 수행하는 좋은 방법 인을 사용할 수 있습니다 . 모든 기능에 고유 한 값과 기능 수를 갖는 새로운 배열을 반환합니다. 연결 요소를 지정할 수도 있습니다.

import scipy
from scipy import ndimage
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

#flatten to make greyscale, using your second red-black image as input.
im = scipy.misc.imread('blobs.jpg',flatten=1)
#smooth and threshold as image has compression artifacts (jpg)
im = ndimage.gaussian_filter(im, 2)
im[im<10]=0
blobs, number_of_blobs = ndimage.label(im)
print 'Number of blobls:', number_of_blobs

plt.imshow(blobs)
plt.show()

#Output is:
Number of blobls: 30

여기에 이미지 설명을 입력하십시오

— j08lue
소스

고마워 fraxel. 그것은 완전히 빠르고 더러운 솔루션으로 작동하지만 이미지의 품질을 향상시켜야합니다. 병합 된 셀이 많이있는 것을 볼 수 있습니다. 답은 30 셀이어야합니다. 다시 한번 감사드립니다. (편집 : 이미지의 해상도 품질을 개선하려고 시도한 후 코드와 함께 블로 팅했지만 여전히 많은 셀을 병합합니다. flatten = 1 또는 암묵적인 방식이어야합니다.)

1

@Ibrahim C. Kurt-나는 그것을 수정하기 위해 업데이트했습니다 (방금 알았습니다!). 문제는 업로드 된 이미지가 jpg이므로 많은 아티팩트가있었습니다. 부드럽게하고 .. 이미지를 PNG로 완벽하게 작동해야한다는 결의를 임계 화의 작은 양이 (내가 생각 ...)

스무딩 및 임계 값이 필요하지 않습니다.

완전히 작동합니다. 네 말이 맞아 추가 수정이 필요하지 않고 jpg에서 png로 변경하면 충분합니다. 매우 감사합니다. 나는 지금 2 개 이상의 완벽한 답변을 가지고 있습니다. 어떻게해야할지 모르겠습니다 : D

@Ibrahim C. Kurt-lucky you;)

6

다음은 O (총 픽셀 수 + 셀 픽셀 수) 인 알고리즘입니다. 우리는 단순히 그림에서 셀 픽셀을 스캔하고, 하나를 찾으면 셀을 플러딩하여 셀을 지 웁니다.

Common Lisp에서의 구현이지만 사소하게 파이썬으로 번역 할 수 있습니다.

(defun flood-fill (picture i j target-color replacement-color)
  ;; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flood_fill
  (when (= (aref picture i j) target-color)
    (setf (aref picture i j) replacement-color)
    (when (plusp i)
      (flood-fill picture (1- i) j target-color replacement-color))
    (when (< (1+ i) (array-dimension picture 0))
      (flood-fill picture (1+ i) j target-color replacement-color))
    (when (plusp j)
      (flood-fill picture i (1- j) target-color replacement-color))
    (when (< (1+ j) (array-dimension picture 1))
      (flood-fill picture i (1+ j) target-color replacement-color)))
  picture)


(defun count-cells (picture)
  (loop
    :with cell-count = 0
    :for i :from 0 :below (array-dimension picture 0)
    :do (loop
          :for j :from 0 :below (array-dimension picture 1)
          :unless (zerop (aref picture i j))
          :do (progn (incf cell-count)
                     (flood-fill picture i j 1 0)))
    :finally (return cell-count)))




(count-cells
  (make-array '(128 171) :element-type 'bit
              :initial-contents
              #(#171*000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000111111111000000000000000000000000000
                #171*000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000111111111000000000000000000000000000
                #171*000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000111111111000000000000000000001110000
                #171*000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000011111110000000000000000000011111100
                #171*000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000111000000000000000000000011111100
                #171*000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000111111100
                #171*000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000111111110
                #171*000000000001110000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001111111110
                #171*000000000011111000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001111111110
                #171*000000000011111100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001111111100
                #171*000000000011111110000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001
                #171*000000000001111110000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001
                #171*000000000001111110000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000011
                #171*000000000000011110000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000011
                #171*000000000000011000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001
                #171*000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000011111000000000000000000011
                #171*000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000111111100000000000000000000
                #171*000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000111111100000000000000000000
                #171*000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000111111110000000000000000000
                #171*000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001111000000000000000000000111111110000000000000000000
                #171*000000000000000000111111000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000111110000000000000000000000000000000000001111111100001111000000000011111110000000000000000000
                #171*000000000000000000111111100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000011111110000000000000000000000000000000000111111111100011111100000000011111100000000000000000000
                #171*000000000000000000111111100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000011111110000000000000000000000000000000000111111111110111111110000000000100000000000000000000000
                #171*000000000000000000111111100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000011111100000000000000000000000000000000000111111111110111111110000000000000000000000000000000000
                #171*000000000000000000111111100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000011111100000000000000000000000000000000000011111111100111111110000000000000000000000000000000000
                #171*000000000000000000111111100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000011111100000000000000000000000000000000000001111111100111111110000000000000000000000000000000000
                #171*000000000000000000011111100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000011111001110000000000000000000000000000000000011111000011111110000000000000000000000000000000000
                #171*000000000000000000010110000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000011111000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000111010000000000000000000000000000000000
                #171*000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000111111100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
                #171*000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000111111110000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
                #171*000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000111111111000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
                #171*000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000111111111000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
                #171*000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000111111111000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
                #171*000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000011111111000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000111100000000000000000000000
                #171*000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000111100000000000000000000000000000000000111100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000011111111100000000000000000000
                #171*100000000000000000000000000000000000000000001111110000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001111111100000000000000000000
                #171*111100000000000000000000000000000000000000011111111000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001111111100000000000000000000
                #171*111100000000000000000000000000000000000000011111111100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001111111100000000000000000000
                #171*111100000000000000000000000000000000000000111111111110000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001111111100000000000000000011
                #171*111100000000000000000000000000000000000000111111111110000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000011110000000000000000000111
                #171*111100000000000000000000000000000000000000011111111000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000111
                #171*000000000000000000000000000000000000000000011111110000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000011
                #171*000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000011
                #171*000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000011
                #171*000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001
                #171*000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
                #171*000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
                #171*000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
                #171*000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000011111000000000
                #171*000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000111111100000000
                #171*000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001111111100000000
                #171*000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001111111100000000
                #171*000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001111111100000000
                #171*000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000000000000000000000000000001111111100000000
                #171*000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000011111100000000000000000000000000000000000000000111111000000000
                #171*000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000011111111100000000000000000000000000000000000000111110000000000
                #171*000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000011111111100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
                #171*000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000111111110000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
                #171*000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000111111110000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
                #171*000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000011111110000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
                #171*000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000110000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
                #171*000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
                #171*000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
                #171*000000000000000000000000000000011111000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
                #171*000000000000000000000000000000111111110000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
                #171*000000000000000000000000000001111111110000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
                #171*000000000000000000000000000001111111110000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
                #171*000000000000000000000000000001111111110000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
                #171*000000000000000000000000000001111111110000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
                #171*000000000000000000000000000000111111100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
                #171*000000000000000000000000000000011100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
                #171*000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000010000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
                #171*000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000011111110000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
                #171*000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000111111110000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
                #171*000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000111111111000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
                #171*000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000011111111000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
                #171*000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000011111111000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
                #171*000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000011111111000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
                #171*000000000000000000011000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001111110000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
                #171*000000000000000001111100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000111100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
                #171*000000000000000011111110000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
                #171*000000000000000111111110000000000000000000000000000000000000000011111100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000111111000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
                #171*000000000000000111111111000000000000000000000000000000000000000011111100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001111111100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
                #171*000000000000000111111110000000000000000000000000000000000000000111111110000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001111111100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
                #171*000000000000000111111110000000000000000000000000000000000000001111111110000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001111111110000000000000000001111111000000000000000000
                #171*000000000000000011111110000000000000000000000000000000000000001111111110000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001111111110000000000000000011111111100000000000000000
                #171*000000000000000001110000000000000000000000000000000000000000000111111110000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000011111100000000000000000011111111100000000000000000
                #171*000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000111111100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001111000000000000000000011111111100000000000000000
                #171*000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000011111000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000011111111100000000000000000
                #171*000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000011111111100000000000000000
                #171*000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000111000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001111111000000000000000000
                #171*000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000111111100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000100010000000000000000000
                #171*000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001111100000000000000000111111110000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
                #171*000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000011111110000000000000011111111110000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
                #171*000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000011111110000000000000011111111110000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
                #171*000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000011111110000000000000011111111110000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
                #171*000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000011111111000000000000011111111110000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
                #171*000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000011111110000000000000011111111100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
                #171*000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001111100000000000000010111111100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
                #171*000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000011111000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
                #171*000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
                #171*000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
                #171*000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
                #171*000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
                #171*000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
                #171*000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
                #171*000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
                #171*000000000001111111000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
                #171*000000000001111111110000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
                #171*000000000001111111110000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
                #171*000000000011111111110000000000000000000000000000000000000011111100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
                #171*000000000011111111110000000000000000000000000000000000000111111100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
                #171*000000000011111111110000000000000000000000000000000000001111111110000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
                #171*000000000001111111110000000000000000000000000000000000001111111110000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
                #171*000000000001111111000000000000000000000000000000000000001111111110000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
                #171*000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000111111100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
                #171*000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000011111000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
                #171*000000000000000000011111000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
                #171*000000000000000000011111100000000000000000000000000000000000000001000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
                #171*000000000000000001111111110000000000000110000000000000000000000001111110000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
                #171*000000000000000001111111110000000000001111100000000000000000000011111110000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
                #171*000000000000000001111111110000000000111111111000000000000000000011111111000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
                #171*000000000000000000111111110000000000111111111000000000000000000111111111000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
                #171*000000000000000000111111111000000000111111111100000000000000000111111111000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
                #171*000000000000000000011111100001111000111111111100000000000000000111111110000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
                #171*000000000000000000000000000111111100111111111100000000000000000011111100000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
                #171*000000000000000000000000000111111100011111111100000000000000000001110000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000
                #171*000000000000000000000000001111111100011111110000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000)))
--> 30

파스칼, 답장을 보내 주셔서 감사합니다. 귀하의 프로그램이 정답을 매우 깨끗하게 찾는 것을 보았습니다. 문제는 그 공통 Lisp 언어에 대해 전혀 모른다는 것이지만, 그것을 알아 내려고 파이썬으로 비슷한 스크립트를 작성하려고합니다.

3

답변보다 더 확장 된 설명 :

@interjay가 암시 한 것처럼 2 진 이미지, 즉 2 개의 색상 만있는 픽셀에서는 1 또는 0의 값을 사용합니다. 사용중인 이미지 표현 형식에서는 참일 수도 있고 아닐 수도 있지만 사실입니다. 이미지의 '개념적'표현으로; 구현 세부 사항으로 인해이 문제를 혼동하지 마십시오. 이러한 구현 세부 사항 중 하나는 이미지의 테두리 주위에 2를 사용하는 것입니다. 이미지 주위의 데드 존을 식별하는 완벽한 방법이지만 이미지의 이진성에는 질적으로 영향을 미치지 않습니다.

N, NE, NW 및 W 픽셀의 검사와 관련하여 이것은 구성 요소의 형성에서 픽셀의 연결과 관련이 있습니다. 각 픽셀 (테두리 특수 사례 막대)에는 8 개의 인접 항목 (N, S, E, W, NE, NW, SE, SW)이 있지만 동일한 구성 요소에 포함 할 후보는 어느 것입니까? 때때로 모서리에서만 만나는 구성 요소 (NE, NW, SE, SW)는 연결된 것으로 간주되지 않으며 때로는 연결되어있는 것으로 간주됩니다.

응용 프로그램에 적합한 것을 결정해야합니다. 순차적 인 알고리즘의 몇 가지 작업을 수동으로 수행하여 각 픽셀마다 다른 이웃을 확인하여 진행 상황을 파악하는 것이 좋습니다.