팀, 나는 MTU 변경에 대한 의심을 무시할 것을 정중하게 권고합니다. 귀하의 문제는 MTU 문제로 작성되었으며 15 년 이상 전문 네트워크 엔지니어였습니다.
MTU가 도움이되는지 확인하려면 DF
IP 헤더에 설정된 비트로 ping을 사용하여 Linux 시스템에서 테스트를 수행하십시오 .
ping -M do -s 1232 <some pingable internet ip address>
-s
PPPoE IP MTU가 1300 바이트라고 가정 하고 매개 변수를 계산했습니다 . 핑이 성공하면 -s 1472
무슨 일이 일어나는지보고 사용 하십시오. 핑이 실패하면 MTU 문제가 있다는 결론을 내립니다 (이더넷 링크 MTU를 낮게 설정하지 않은 경우). 참고 -s 1472
로 1500 바이트 이더넷 페이로드 에코 요청을 보냅니다. -M do -s 1472
IP 헤더에 설정된 DF 비트와 동일한 1500 바이트 페이로드를 보냅니다.
또한 MTU가 설정해야합니다 기억 모두 당신이 당신의 모뎀을 또한이 작업을 수행 할 필요가 그래서 ... 링크의 측면.
편집하다
팀, 여전히 요청한 명령을 실행하지 않았습니다 . 내가 한 일에 무엇이 잘못되었는지 예를 들어 보겠습니다. 8.8.8.8 경로에서 IP 조각화를위한 방화벽으로 인해 대상 호스트를 stackexchange.com으로 수정해야합니다.
부정적인 예 (ping 플래그 사용)
[mpenning@Bucksnort ~]$ ping -c 1 -s 65507 64.34.119.12
PING 64.34.119.12 (64.34.119.12) 65507(65535) bytes of data.
65515 bytes from 64.34.119.12: icmp_seq=1 ttl=51 time=53.2 ms
--- 64.34.119.12 ping statistics ---
1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 53.246/53.246/53.246/0.000 ms
[mpenning@Bucksnort ~]$
수사적 질문 : 64KB 핑 패킷은 1500 바이트 이더넷 세그먼트를 어떻게 통과 했습니까? 요청한 정보를 게시하지 않으면 도움이되지 않습니다. 이것은 같은 예입니다.ping -M do
긍정적 인 예
[mpenning@Bucksnort ~]$ ping -M do -c 1 -s 65507 64.34.119.12
PING 64.34.119.12 (64.34.119.12) 65507(65535) bytes of data.
From 24.102.60.3 icmp_seq=1 Frag needed and DF set (mtu = 1500)
--- 64.34.119.12 ping statistics ---
0 packets transmitted, 0 received, +1 errors
[mpenning@Bucksnort ~]$
ping -M do
경로를 따라 최대 MTU에 대한 정보를 제공합니다 (이 경우 첫 번째 홉 이더넷 세그먼트의 크기 IP MTU
는 1500 바이트 임을 알 수 있습니다 ).
최종 노트 :
A. 기본적 ping
으로 IP 조각화가 허용 되므로 핑은 일련의 IP 조각으로 완료 될 수 있습니다 . 링크를 통과 할 수있는 최대 패킷 크기를 찾으 려면 끝에 표시된 여러 조각화 된 응답을 얻지 않도록 IP 헤더 (그림으로 표시 -M do
)를 수정해야합니다 . 사용 ping -c 1 -s 65507 64.34.119.12
:
[mpenning@Bucksnort ~]$ sudo tshark -n -i eth0 icmp
1 0.000000 24.102.60.3 -> 64.34.119.12 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=0)
2 0.000058 24.102.60.3 -> 64.34.119.12 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=1480)
3 0.000071 24.102.60.3 -> 64.34.119.12 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=2960)
4 0.000081 24.102.60.3 -> 64.34.119.12 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=4440)
5 0.000094 24.102.60.3 -> 64.34.119.12 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=5920)
6 0.000105 24.102.60.3 -> 64.34.119.12 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=7400)
7 0.000116 24.102.60.3 -> 64.34.119.12 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=8880)
8 0.000124 24.102.60.3 -> 64.34.119.12 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=10360)
9 0.000133 24.102.60.3 -> 64.34.119.12 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=11840)
10 0.000143 24.102.60.3 -> 64.34.119.12 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=13320)
11 0.000152 24.102.60.3 -> 64.34.119.12 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=14800)
12 0.000162 24.102.60.3 -> 64.34.119.12 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=16280)
13 0.000172 24.102.60.3 -> 64.34.119.12 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=17760)
14 0.000181 24.102.60.3 -> 64.34.119.12 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=19240)
15 0.000191 24.102.60.3 -> 64.34.119.12 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=20720)
16 0.000201 24.102.60.3 -> 64.34.119.12 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=22200)
17 0.000211 24.102.60.3 -> 64.34.119.12 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=23680)
18 0.000221 24.102.60.3 -> 64.34.119.12 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=25160)
19 0.000230 24.102.60.3 -> 64.34.119.12 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=26640)
20 0.000240 24.102.60.3 -> 64.34.119.12 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=28120)
21 0.000250 24.102.60.3 -> 64.34.119.12 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=29600)
22 0.000259 24.102.60.3 -> 64.34.119.12 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=31080)
23 0.000269 24.102.60.3 -> 64.34.119.12 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=32560)
24 0.000278 24.102.60.3 -> 64.34.119.12 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=34040)
25 0.000288 24.102.60.3 -> 64.34.119.12 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=35520)
26 0.000298 24.102.60.3 -> 64.34.119.12 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=37000)
27 0.000308 24.102.60.3 -> 64.34.119.12 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=38480)
28 0.000318 24.102.60.3 -> 64.34.119.12 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=39960)
29 0.000327 24.102.60.3 -> 64.34.119.12 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=41440)
30 0.000337 24.102.60.3 -> 64.34.119.12 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=42920)
31 0.000352 24.102.60.3 -> 64.34.119.12 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=44400)
32 0.000361 24.102.60.3 -> 64.34.119.12 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=45880)
33 0.000372 24.102.60.3 -> 64.34.119.12 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=47360)
34 0.000384 24.102.60.3 -> 64.34.119.12 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=48840)
35 0.000394 24.102.60.3 -> 64.34.119.12 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=50320)
36 0.000403 24.102.60.3 -> 64.34.119.12 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=51800)
37 0.000411 24.102.60.3 -> 64.34.119.12 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=53280)
38 0.000419 24.102.60.3 -> 64.34.119.12 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=54760)
39 0.000428 24.102.60.3 -> 64.34.119.12 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=56240)
40 0.000437 24.102.60.3 -> 64.34.119.12 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=57720)
41 0.000446 24.102.60.3 -> 64.34.119.12 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=59200)
42 0.000455 24.102.60.3 -> 64.34.119.12 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=60680)
43 0.000466 24.102.60.3 -> 64.34.119.12 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=62160)
44 0.000477 24.102.60.3 -> 64.34.119.12 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=63640)
45 0.000486 24.102.60.3 -> 64.34.119.12 ICMP Echo (ping) request
46 0.044402 64.34.119.12 -> 24.102.60.3 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=0)
47 0.044439 64.34.119.12 -> 24.102.60.3 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=1480)
48 0.044899 64.34.119.12 -> 24.102.60.3 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=2960)
49 0.044910 64.34.119.12 -> 24.102.60.3 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=4440)
50 0.044916 64.34.119.12 -> 24.102.60.3 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=5920)
51 0.045149 64.34.119.12 -> 24.102.60.3 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=7400)
52 0.045399 64.34.119.12 -> 24.102.60.3 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=8880)
53 0.045409 64.34.119.12 -> 24.102.60.3 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=10360)
54 0.045415 64.34.119.12 -> 24.102.60.3 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=11840)
55 0.045649 64.34.119.12 -> 24.102.60.3 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=13320)
56 0.045899 64.34.119.12 -> 24.102.60.3 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=14800)
57 0.045908 64.34.119.12 -> 24.102.60.3 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=16280)
58 0.045915 64.34.119.12 -> 24.102.60.3 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=17760)
59 0.046148 64.34.119.12 -> 24.102.60.3 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=19240)
60 0.046163 64.34.119.12 -> 24.102.60.3 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=20720)
61 0.046402 64.34.119.12 -> 24.102.60.3 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=22200)
62 0.046421 64.34.119.12 -> 24.102.60.3 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=23680)
63 0.046650 64.34.119.12 -> 24.102.60.3 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=25160)
64 0.046668 64.34.119.12 -> 24.102.60.3 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=26640)
65 0.046901 64.34.119.12 -> 24.102.60.3 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=28120)
66 0.046918 64.34.119.12 -> 24.102.60.3 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=29600)
67 0.047151 64.34.119.12 -> 24.102.60.3 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=31080)
68 0.047171 64.34.119.12 -> 24.102.60.3 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=32560)
69 0.047399 64.34.119.12 -> 24.102.60.3 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=34040)
70 0.047418 64.34.119.12 -> 24.102.60.3 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=35520)
71 0.047424 64.34.119.12 -> 24.102.60.3 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=37000)
72 0.047650 64.34.119.12 -> 24.102.60.3 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=38480)
73 0.047900 64.34.119.12 -> 24.102.60.3 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=39960)
74 0.048149 64.34.119.12 -> 24.102.60.3 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=41440)
75 0.048165 64.34.119.12 -> 24.102.60.3 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=42920)
76 0.048172 64.34.119.12 -> 24.102.60.3 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=44400)
77 0.048178 64.34.119.12 -> 24.102.60.3 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=45880)
78 0.048398 64.34.119.12 -> 24.102.60.3 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=47360)
79 0.048650 64.34.119.12 -> 24.102.60.3 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=48840)
80 0.048667 64.34.119.12 -> 24.102.60.3 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=50320)
81 0.048674 64.34.119.12 -> 24.102.60.3 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=51800)
82 0.048900 64.34.119.12 -> 24.102.60.3 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=53280)
83 0.048922 64.34.119.12 -> 24.102.60.3 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=54760)
84 0.049150 64.34.119.12 -> 24.102.60.3 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=56240)
85 0.049174 64.34.119.12 -> 24.102.60.3 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=57720)
86 0.049398 64.34.119.12 -> 24.102.60.3 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=59200)
87 0.049649 64.34.119.12 -> 24.102.60.3 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=60680)
88 0.049671 64.34.119.12 -> 24.102.60.3 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=62160)
89 0.049677 64.34.119.12 -> 24.102.60.3 IP Fragmented IP protocol (proto=ICMP 0x01, off=63640)
90 0.049683 64.34.119.12 -> 24.102.60.3 ICMP Echo (ping) reply