n×m
Xi,j ~ Pois(μi,j)
Once you impose a total cell count for the contingency table, or a row or column count, the resulting conditional distributions of the cell counts then become multinomial. In any case, for a Poisson distribution we have E(Xi,j)=V(Xi,j)=μi,j, so the standardised cell count is:
STD(Xi,j)≡Xi,j−E(Xi,j)V(Xi,j)−−−−−−√=Xi,j−μi,jμi,j−−−√
So, what you're seeing in the formula you are enquiring about, is the standardised cell count, under the assumption that the cell counts have an (unconditional) Poisson distribution.
From here it is common to test independence of the row and column variable in the data, and in this case you can use a test statistic that looks at the sum-of-squares of the above values (which is equivalent to the squared-norm of the vector of standardised values). The chi-squared test provides a p-value for this kind of test based on a large-sample approximation to the null distribution of the test statistic. It is usually applied in cases where none of the sell counts are too small.
stdres
표준화 잔차에 대한 구성 요소 가 있습니다.